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Star - Wikipedia

A star is type of astronomical object consisting of a luminous spheroid of plasma held together .... In May 2018, astronomers reported the detection of the most distant oxygen ever detected in the Universe—and the ..... of stellar electromagnetic radiation are significant, but all frequencies provide insight into the star's physics.

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How do we determine how far away a star is? - Quora

If you know the true absolute brightness of the star, you look and see how bright it appears from Earth, and that tells you how far away it is, unless some dust ...

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Astronomers Use a Quirk of Physics to Spot the Most Distant Star ...

Apr 2, 2018 ... An event called gravitational lensing allowed astronomers to discern a star 9 billion light-years away.

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The closest star to us is of course, our Sun. It's about 150 million km. from the earth. All other stars are much further away. The closest star to us within our Milky Way galaxy  is Proxima Centauri which is about 4 light-years away (so light, travelling at 300,000 km per second takes 4 years to get there). All other stars are much further away. The Milky Way is 200,000 light years across, so the furthest stars within the Milky Way are about 200,000 light years away. The closest galaxy to ours is Andromeda which is 200 million light years away and it has, just like our Milky Way, several hundred billion stars.

So how do we know how far stars are? The easiest way to measure stellar distance is by observing the apparent motion of a star as the earth goes around the sun. The bigger the apparent motion, which is called parallax, the closer the star. The apparent motion is measured by the parallax angle. Once this is known, the distance to the star (or any other distant object) is also immediately known. Unfortunately the parallax angle is usually really, really small (the biggest parallax for stars is about 1 arc second which \frac{1}{3600}th of a degree for the closest stars!) and the best instruments (the Hubble Space Telescope and other dedicated satellites like Hipparcos) can measure parallaxes of up to \frac{1}{1000} of an arc second which translates to distances of about 3000 light years.

There are other indirect methods astronomers use to measure stellar distances. Most important amongst these is the use of `standard candles'. Standard candles are sources of light (stars or supernovae) that are known to give out a certain amount of light (luminosity). By measuring how dim these sources look, astronomers can tell how far they are. To do this they use the fact that the brightness is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. Standard candles include stars called Cepheid variables (whose brightness pulses with time  in such a way that the time between the pulses is closely linked to the brightness) and Type 1a supernovae (these are White Dwarf stars that reach a critical mass called the Chandrasekhar limit and then go supernova due to a runaway nuclear fusion reaction). The distances to these standard candles can even be used to infer distances to other galaxies.

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Astronomy and space science - Revision 1 - KS3 Physics - BBC ...

For example, the distance between the Earth and the Sun is about 150,000,000,000 m but the distance to the next nearest star (Proxima Centauri) is  ...

For more information, see Astronomy and space science - Revision 1 - KS3 Physics - BBC ...

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How Do We Know How Far Away the Stars Are? | Britannica.com

Star light, star bright, first star I see tonight”…is trillions of miles away.

For more information, see How Do We Know How Far Away the Stars Are? | Britannica.com

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Hubble Uncovers the Farthest Star Ever Seen | NASA

Dec 15, 2016 ... More than halfway across the universe, an enormous blue star nicknamed Icarus is the farthest individual star ever seen.

For more information, see Hubble Uncovers the Farthest Star Ever Seen | NASA

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How do astronomers measure distances to stars and galaxies ...

Astronomers have developed several techniques to indirectly measure the vast distances between Earth and the stars and galaxies. In many cases, these ...

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What Is Parallax? - How Astronomers Measure Stellar Distance ...

Dec 12, 2018 ... To measure the distance of a star, astronomers use a baseline of 1 .... from Georgia State University's Department of Physics and Astronomy.

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List of the most distant astronomical objects - Wikipedia

This article documents the most distant astronomical objects so far discovered, and the time ...... New record for Universe's most distant object, 17:19 14 March 2002; ^ BBC News, Far away stars light early cosmos, Thursday, 14 March 2002,  ...

For more information, see List of the most distant astronomical objects - Wikipedia

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How are astronomers able to measure how far away a star is ...

It turns out that measuring the distance to a star is an interesting problem! Astronomers have come up with two different techniques to estimate how far away any ...

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astronomy - How could scientists know how far a star or galaxy is ...

Back in the 90s a satellite called Hipparcos used parallax to measure the distance to thousands of stars. Once you know how far away a star is ...

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How far apart are the stars? Especially, in the big and little dipper ...

You'll need an astronomer to give you a proper answer, but a little research gave me these figures for the main stars in Ursa Major, which are: The distances of ...

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Have Astronomers Found Another "Alien Megastructure" Star ...

Nov 21, 2018 ... A faraway star in the southern sky is flickering in an odd manner that suggests a bizarre cloud of material—or something even stranger—is in ...

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List of most massive stars - Wikipedia

This is a list of the most massive stars so far discovered, in solar masses ( M ☉). ... In addition to being far away, many stars of such extreme mass are ...

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The Cosmic Distance Scale

Dec 6, 2016 ... The two bright stars, called Alpha Centauri A and B form a close binary ... Proxima Centauri, the closest star to our own, is still 40,208,000,000,000 km away. ... Our Sun, being fairly far from the Galactic Center, takes over 200 ...

For more information, see The Cosmic Distance Scale

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Astronomy 101 Specials: Measuring Distance via the Parallax Effect

Astronomy 101 Specials: Measuring Distance via the Parallax Effect ... Sun, and I' ve replaced the tree and mountain with nearby and distant stars, respectively.

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Parallax and Distance Measurement | Las Cumbres Observatory

Astronomers use an effect called parallax to measure distances to nearby stars. Parallax is the apparent displacement of an object because of a change in the ...

For more information, see Parallax and Distance Measurement | Las Cumbres Observatory

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Understanding Astronomy: Motion of the Stars

Today this familiarity has been lost (except by astronomy geeks), so you'll need to make ... That is, the apparent “distance” between any two stars never changes.

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Lecture 5: Stellar Distances

Sep 21, 2014 ... Galaxy NGC4414 from HST, Astronomy 162: Introduction to Stars, Galaxies, & the Universe Prof. Richard Pogge, MTWThF 9:30 ...

For more information, see Lecture 5: Stellar Distances

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Distance Measurement in Astronomy

Distance Measurement in Astronomy. Since all stars appear as points of light, even with the largest telescopes, and since geometrical distance measurement by ...

For more information, see Distance Measurement in Astronomy