Step 1: Identify the sample space and number of possible outcomes
NOTE: The sample space of an experiment or random trial is the set of all
possible outcomes or results of that experiment
Die has sample space S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Number of outcomes n(S) = 6
Step 2: Determine the favorable outcomes for getting a number less than or equal to 4?
Favourable outcomes for number less than or equal to 4 (F) = {4, 3, 2, 1}
Number of favourable outcomes n(F) = 4
FORMULA: P(E) = \frac{\text{Number of trials in which the event happened}}{\text{Total number of trials}}
Probability P(F) = \frac{4}{6} = \frac{2}{3}
\frac{1}{3}