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Alpha Decay - Definition, Equation, Examples, Formula

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Physics · NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Chemistry ... Alpha decay or α-decay is a type of radioactive decay in which the atomic ... In nuclear physics, Alpha decay Equation for thorium-232 can be written as – ... Alpha Decay (Helium nucleus is emitted); Beta Decay (Electrons are emitted) ...

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Nuclear reactions are collisions between two atomic nuclei or one atomic nucleus and a subatomic particle that result in the production of one or more nuclides.

Alpha decay occurs when nuclei with atomic mass number greater than 200

^4_2 He known as an alpha particle

The alpha decay general equation: ^A_Z Y \rightarrow ^{A - 4} _{z - 2} Y' + ^4_2 He

When a neutron is converted into a proton, the process is known as beta decay.

The Beta decay general equation: ^{14}_{6} C \rightarrow ^{14} _{7} N + _0^{-1} \beta

Step 1:  Writing the nuclear reactions

(i) \alpha - \text{ decay of } ^{226}_{88} Ra

^{226}_{88} Ra \rightarrow ^{226 - 4}_{88 - 2} Rn + ^4_2 He

^{226}_{88} Ra \rightarrow ^{222}_{86} Rn + ^4_2 He

(ii) \alpha - \text{ decay of } ^{242}_{94} Pu

^{242}_{94} Pu \rightarrow ^{238}_{92} U + ^4_2 He

(iii) \beta^{-} - \text{ decay of } ^{32}_{15} P

Gain of one proton

^{32}_{15} P \rightarrow ^{32}_{16} S + _0^{-1} e

(iv) \beta^{-} - \text{ decay of } ^{210}_{83} Bi

Gain of one proton

^{210}_{83} Bi \rightarrow ^{210}_{84} Po + _0^{-1} e

(v) \beta^{+} - \text{ decay of } ^{11}_{6} C

Loss of one proton

^{11}_{6} C \rightarrow ^{11}_{5} B + e^{+} + v

(vi) \beta^{+} - \text{ decay of } ^{97}_{43} Tc

Loss of one proton

^{97}_{43} Tc \rightarrow ^{97}_{42} Mo + e^{+} + v

(vii) Electron capture of ^{120}_{54} Xe

^{120}_{54} Xe + e^+ \rightarrow _{53}^{120} I + v